Thales S.A.

Operator : Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Thales' First Half 2026 Results Conference Call. The presentation will be held by Patrice Caine, Thales' Chairman and CEO; and Jeremie Papin, Thales' CFO. It will be followed by a question-and-answer session. The conference is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Louis Igonet, VP, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, sir. Louis Thibaut Igonet : Thank you. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to this presentation of Thales H1 2026 results. I'm Louis Igonet, Head of IR for Thales. With me today in the room are Patrice Caine, our Chairman and CEO; and Jeremie Papin, our CFO. As usual, this presentation is webcasted live on our website, thalesgroup.com, where the slides and press release are also available for download. A replay will be available soon after the end of the event. With that, I'd like to turn over the call to Patrice Caine. Patrice Caine : Good morning, everyone, and welcome to Thales 2026 Half Year Results Conference Call. So let me begin with a few highlights of our performance in the first half of the year and I'm on Slide #2. So first, we delivered robust order intake, mainly driven by Defence & Space, once again demonstrating the strength and the relevance of our products and solutions. Notable examples include major contracts to supply satellites to Luxembourg and Turkey or air surveillance systems to Qatar or radars to the UAE. Our sales growth was driven by the successful ramp-up of our Defence activities, especially in sensors and effectors together with the rebound in Cyber and the resilience of our Aerospace business. From an operational perspective, our continued focus on efficiency and competitiveness resulted in a robust year-on-year improvement in profitability. The first half was also marked by outstanding free operating cash flow generation. This performance was exceptional, notably reflecting the growth in order intake and our strong project execution. Now beyond these financial results, we also reached several important strategic milestones during the first half of the year. We launched new solutions to enhance counter drone capabilities and smart ammunitions. We entered into promising partnerships with Destinus, for instance, to support armed forces in counter-UAS and ground-based air defence through enhanced system integration and production ramp-up. We also entered with a partnership with Airbus Defence & Space, MBDA Deutschland, Safran Electronics Defense and Destinus to establish the Bliksem EXO Consortium, a multinational European industrial partnership to develop Europe's first sovereign exo-atmospheric upper-layer interceptor programme or again, with Renault to enhance our mass production. On top of that, we also enlarged our strategic partnership with Google to develop trusted cloud solutions now in Germany. And finally, in early June, we announced the planned acquisition of Exail with the ambition of creating a world-class player in autonomous underwater warfare while further strengthening our capabilities in inertial navigation. So let us now take a closer look at the numbers, and I am on Slide #3. So as previously said, the commercial momentum in H1 2026 was particularly robust with order intakes reaching EUR 12.5 billion, a 22% organic increase year-over-year. The book-to-bill ratio is maintained significantly above 1, reaching 1.14. Sales reached EUR 10.9 billion, growing by 7.8% organically in H1. And if we exclude the one-off impact linked to the constellation of 2 geostationary satellites, the underlying organic growth in H1 is close to 10% at 9.6% precisely. Adjusted EBIT rose by close to 10% on a reported basis, while EBIT margin improved to 12.5%. Then adjusted net income group share grew sharply by 13%, reaching EUR 990 million for the first half. Free operating cash flow generation was exceptionally strong in the first half, reaching EUR 1.8 billion, which is close to 3x the level reached in H1 2025. Of course, Jeremie will further elaborate on that evolution. Net debt now, well, net debt stood at around EUR 500 million at midyear to be compared to EUR 1.6 billion at 31st of December 2025. As you can see on the chart, over the last 12 months, net debt has been reduced by around EUR 3 billion, which is a major achievement. So moving to next slide. I'm leaving the floor to Jeremie. Jeremie Papin : Thank you, Patrice. Good morning to everyone and thank you for joining our call. Turning to Page 4. Order intake was solid in the first half of 2026, standing at EUR 12.5 billion, a 22% organic growth. This achievement reflects a continued strong momentum across our businesses with particularly good bookings in Space and in Defence. Growth was widespread with all regions contributing. Europe and the Middle East, leading the growth in H1, a benefit of our long-lasting presence in those regions, our engagement to remain close to our clients and to offer them highly performing products and solutions in the current context. In the first half of 2026, 18 large orders with a unit value above EUR 100 million were booked, 7 in Q1, 11 in Q2. Of these 18 large orders, 13 were in defence, including a number of new contracts in air defence. We had mentioned SAMP/T NG the new generation, in Q1, and Q2 has seen further orders in air surveillance and air traffic management. The momentum was also good in the naval domain. Furthermore, the group recorded 5 large orders in Space, both in observation exploration and in telecom, supported by sustained and robust institutional demand. Finally, our small orders, those below EUR 10 million, were up 5% organically, which is another indication of the ongoing healthy underlying momentum of the businesses and the high granularity of demand across all our portfolio. Overall, the solid order intake performance confirms the strength of our positioning on growing markets and the continued relevance of our offerings. Now let me move to sales on Page 5. In H1 2026, sales were up 7.8% organically to EUR 10.9 billion. If we exclude the impact of the cancellation of 2 geostationary telco satellites in our space business, sales growth amounted to 9.6%, which reflects a solid underlying growth momentum. Each of our 3 segments contributed to growth in H1. In terms of geographies, sales growth remained well balanced between mature and emerging markets. Europe posted a solid 9.4% organic increase, while emerging markets grew by 14.6%, including a particularly strong performance in the Middle East, up 36.7%. You will note that in H1 2026, changes in scope had a very minor impact and currency impact was negative at minus EUR 116 million, mainly linked to the evolution of the euro against the U.S. dollar in the first quarter. Turning to Slide 6 and having a look at the drivers of our group EBIT adjusted increase year-on-year. Adjusted EBIT for H1 2026 amounts to nearly EUR 1.4 billion, up 10% year-on-year and 11% organically. The strong increase in our gross margin was the main driver of our adjusted EBIT growth in the semester. It is up EUR 219 million, and the main contributors to sales volume growth were Defence and Aerospace. Part of this increase in gross margin was reinvested to support our future growth. R&D was up 9% and reached 6.2% of sales and Marketing & sales were up 4%. G&A expenses up only 3% are being constrained, growing at less than half the pace of sales and reflecting our focus on cost discipline. Finally, restructuring costs stood at EUR 24 million in the first half, down by EUR 30 million compared to last year. This is mainly explained by the ongoing execution of our space adaptation plan over the first half of last year, which incurred some restructuring costs back then. This plan is now over and paying back. Moving on to the performance review by segment and starting with Aerospace on Page 7. Orders in the segment reached EUR 3.3 billion, up 24% organically, reflecting solid momentum overall. In Avionics, order intake remained high, notably in the civil domain. Order intake in Space showed strong demand from institutional customers. In total, 5 large contracts were booked in Space in the first half of 2026, including geostationary telco satellites for Luxembourg and Qatar and orders for major programs and missions such as Copernicus and ExoMars. Sales amounted to EUR 2.8 billion in the first half, up 2.1% organically. This performance was primarily driven by Avionics, where sales increased in the first half. Sales growth in Q2 was, however, a bit slower than Q1 as a result of the first impact from lower air traffic on aftermarket activities. In Space, underlying growth was solid over the first half. However, Thales has been notified of the cancellation of 2 telco satellites based on our Space INSPIRE platform ordered back in 2022. This impacted sales by a negative EUR 153 million over the semester. Given the positive underlying momentum with our customers and the quality of the Space INSPIRE platform, we are confident in our capacity to reuse what was achieved and delivered so far as part of this contract. If one excludes this one-off element, Aerospace sales were up a solid 8.8% in the first half of '26, reflecting the continued underlying momentum in both Avionics and Space. Looking at adjusted EBIT, the segment delivered a 130 basis points increase in margin to 10.4%. This strong progress was supported by an improvement in space profitability as it benefits from the successful implementation of the adaptation plan carried out since 2024. Meanwhile, Avionics continued to deliver a high and solid contribution. Moving on to Defence on Slide 8. Order intake reached EUR 7.4 billion, up 28% year-on-year, reflecting sustained and continued success for Thales products and solutions across many geographies, but notably in Europe and in the Middle East, where demand remains very strong. 13 large contracts were booked in the first half compared to 6 in the first half of '25. The strong performance was broad-based across the portfolio as the vast majority of our products and solutions are addressing critical needs of our clients. In particular, Air Defence Solutions saw strong client demand in the first half. It's also worth mentioning that 2 large orders in the first half were related to the development of the F5 standard of the Rafale, a key priority of the French military programming law. Defence sales amounted to EUR 6.3 billion, up 13% organically year-on-year. This reflects another quarter of double-digit growth in Q2 at 11.9%, supported by the ongoing production ramp-up in sensors and effectors and by solid contract execution across the defence business. Finally, adjusted EBIT increased by 22% organically in the first half with an improvement in margin from 12.8% last year to 13.8%. Overall, these results confirm a solid sustainable trajectory in the Defence segment. Cyber and Digital now on Slide 9. Sales in the Cyber and Digital segment reached EUR 1.8 billion, a 0.4% increase. In Cyber, sales were up 1.6% organically year-on-year. Growth resumed in Q2 with a 4.5% organic growth. This is a positive evolution and a good sign that the business trajectory is recovering. Digital sales -- Digital Identity sales were broadly flat year-on-year. After a good Q1, Q2 sales declined compared to last year when our secured connectivity solution had recorded some nonrecurring one-off orders. In Payment Services, digital banking solutions saw continued strong growth. However, those were more than offset by lower volumes in payment cards. Moving to profitability with adjusted EBIT down year-on-year. This decline is driven by a decrease in Digital Identity. H1 '25 had benefited from 2 one-offs we mentioned last year, an exceptional contribution from a JV, Telit and other -- and another one-off order in secured connectivity. In addition to that, margin was also impacted by some challenging situations in the market. First, in Payments and Services, where pressure is building in both volume and prices, but also in Identity and Biometrics. This activity, which includes secure travel documents, saw an impact in the first half from lower passenger traffic and, accordingly, less issuance and renewals of documents. In Cyber, adjusted EBIT was up 5.5% organically with a resilient margin at 14%, while we resume growth. Moving on the first half of 2026 adjusted P&L on Slide 10. The cost of financial debt and other financial results was down compared to last year. This improvement is driven mainly by lower net financial charges at minus EUR 33 million, reflecting lower average net debt over the period. Foreign exchange results were also favorable in the semester. The finance costs on pension and employee benefits were stable year-on-year. The effective tax rate in the first half was nearly similar to last year and stands at 25.8%. It includes this year again a temporary additional corporate tax in France, which added an additional EUR 57 million to our tax charge in the semester. Excluding this impact, the effective tax rate is stable at 21%. As a reminder, the additional corporate tax is expected to stand at nearly EUR 100 million in 2026. Minorities year-on-year evolution reflects the further reduced net losses incurred in Thales Alenia Space and as the company's operating profit turned positive. Overall, adjusted net income group share stood at EUR 990 million, up 13% compared to last year. Turning to free cash flow on Slide 11. The free cash flow was somewhat exceptional in the first half of 2026 and stands at EUR 1.9 billion versus EUR 0.5 billion last year. As you can see, the main driver of this performance was a significant improvement in change in working capital, driven by a continued supportive momentum in the order intake with a very strong semester, as I detailed earlier, coupled with favorable phasing in customer payments. This reflects Thales' long-standing ability to execute projects well, which is obviously a key focus for the group. As you know, a target of adjusted net income to free operating cash flow conversion was upgraded early July, and we now aim at reaching 100% to 110% conversion ratio in 2026, which is obviously strongly supported by the H1 performance. Before handing over to Patrice for Strategy and Outlook, let's look at the net debt evolution over the past 6 months. Net debt amounted to EUR 519 million as of June 2026. This is down EUR 1.6 billion compared to a negative EUR 1.6 billion at the end of December 2025. This is nearly a EUR 3 billion reduction in net debt since June of 2025. The main driver of the decrease in net debt is, of course, the exceptional free cash flow generation we just reviewed. The group also paid EUR 606 million in dividend in the first half and new leases amounted to EUR 178 million. Our financial position is very sound. We have ample means to finance our growth going forward, starting with the planned acquisition of Exail that we announced a couple of weeks ago. Thank you for your attention. I now turn over the call to Patrice to review the group's strategic priorities and guidance. Patrice Caine : Thank you, Jeremie. So moving now to Slide 14, which is kind of a recap. So Thales is well positioned on markets, offering strong growth and long-term visibility, supported by a comprehensive product portfolio and a broad customer base. So we continue to see attractive growth opportunities across our 3 core businesses: Defence, Aerospace and Cyber and Digital. So if we start with Defence. In Defence, demand for our products continue to grow, driven by the current geopolitical environment all around the world. And the breadth of our products spanning across air defence, maritime warfare, effectors, electronic warfares, among others, together with the diversity of our customer base, provide a strong foundation for sustainable long-term growth. Our strong commercial momentum and our continued ramp-up of our industrial capabilities will continue to support our fast pace of organic sales growth. Looking ahead, as already said, the planned acquisition of Exail will further strengthen our strategic position in the autonomous underwater systems domain and in inertial navigation. Now moving to Aerospace in a nutshell, well, in Avionics, the underlying market fundamentals are solid, of course, supported by structural long-term growth in passenger demand for air travel. And this is the case regardless of temporary uncertainties -- uncertainties, sorry, related to the current situation in the Middle East. In Space, activity continues to benefit from Europe's growing focus on space sovereignty, supported by an unprecedented level of public funding. Typically, the last ministerial conference 2025-2028 has secured EUR 22.1 billion for European space programs, increasing the European Space Agency budget up to 30%. And looking further ahead, the next EU multi-annual financial framework is expected to allocate around EUR 70 billion to Space, almost double the amount under the previous one. This favorable space environment is also very promising for the Bromo project as well as for future growth opportunities. And finally, Cyber and Digital. While in Cyber and Digital demand continues to grow as well with AI typically acting as a key market accelerator. We expect AI to strengthen our position by accelerating the digital and AI transformation of our customers and therefore growing the need for cybersecurity as cyberattacks continue to grow in both scale and sophistication, leveraging AI. These trends are driving demand for detection and response services, application security and data protection to mention a few. To address these evolving needs, we will continue to expand our portfolio with new solutions, including, for instance, our next-generation HSM, hardware security modules, namely Luna 8, a new data security posture management solution or another example with our forthcoming AI security fabric solution expected in 2027 next year. So moving to the last slide, Slide 15. Well, the performance in the first half confirms the trajectory of durable and profitable growth on which Thales is established, and we are entering the second half of 2026 with confidence. The robust momentum and strong visibility enjoyed by the group, in particular, within defence activities, has led us to upgrade 2 of our 2026 guidance items a couple of weeks ago, which are: number one, the expected book-to-bill ratio for 2026, now expected above 1.1. And number two, the conversion rate of our adjusted net income into operating free cash flow for the year, now expected between 100% and 110%. Therefore, we are confirming our objective to deliver sorry, between 6% and 7% of organic growth for sales in 2026, corresponding to sales of EUR 23.3 billion to EUR 23.6 billion. It means that nonrecurring items have no effect on our sales guidance given the underlying improvement in growth trends, notably in Defence. We are also confirming our expectation of a solid increase in adjusted EBIT margin, which is expected between 12.6% and 12.8% for 2026. And this is driven mainly by progression in the Aerospace and Defence segments. So that concludes our presentation with Jeremie. And now we are happy to take all your questions. Operator : Ladies & gentlemen, we will now begin the Q&A session. We are now going to proceed with our first question. The first questions come from the line of Chloe Lemarie from Jefferies. Chloe Lemarie : I will have a first one on the momentum in Defence because we've seen obviously growth that stands rather ahead of your high single-digit growth target. So could you maybe talk about the unlock there? What's happened for you to be able to sustain such a level of production and delivery and whether this could remain sustainable for the division in the future? And my second question was on IRIS2. I was wondering how the discussions were ongoing around that project, given there's been some concern that Germany is investing in its own sovereign SATCOM constellation. So any color on how -- any progress on theIRIS2 project would be much appreciated. Patrice Caine : Thank you, Chloe. I will share the answer with Jeremie. I can start with growth andIRIS2 and you would complement, Jeremie, if you wish. So yes, indeed, the first semester has allowed us to post quite a robust growth percentage. Honestly, it's the consequence or the outcome of the investment we have made in the previous years in terms to -- in order to ramp up the production. So we've made a lot of investment in our industrial capacities, in our engineering also capabilities that led us to this type of growth. Now it's too soon to change the perspective for the full year. We see this business, you know that by heart is not linear, but though it's very encouraging as well at the same time. OnIRIS2, things are progressing, I would say, as expected. So this is for me quite positive. We are waiting, I would say, being under contracts or follow-on contracts, I would say, soon. I say soon because there is, I would say, always some discussions to be, I would say, closed, but I see that coming now soon. And what is also encouraging is the official willingness to seeIRIS2 and the German constellation being interoperable. So this is also a positive sign from our German colleagues from Germany to position the constellation they need for their own needs being complementary and not in competition withIRIS2. So for me, the late -- the last -- or latest, sorry, Franco-German Ministerial Council that was held last week was also very reassuring on this point. Jeremie Papin : Maybe if I may, Chloe, add a point on Defence. I think what we can say is that clearly, the outlook for us this year has moved to a high single-digit growth in revenue to a low double-digit growth potential. So clearly, that -- some of that momentum is clearly going to continue. And the other point is we are also obviously aiming at and supporting the business further by reinvesting some of the -- into the R&D. So clearly, the focus on strengthening and keeping the momentum is there. Chloe Lemarie : Can I add a follow-up on this? When you say you're investing into R&D, it obviously doesn't show in the margin. That was a really strong performance. Are you capitalizing it? Jeremie Papin : No, no, no capitalization at all. But as you will see, the R&D is up faster than revenue, as we had indicated, and it's at 6.2% of revenue now for the group. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question. And the next questions come from the line of Ross Law from Morgan Stanley. Ross Law : So the first one just on Space. I wonder if you can give a bit more detail on the growth in margin achieved in the first half? And what is driving that? Is it just volumes? Is it the result of the sort of transformation in that business or maybe even price? And then a follow-up to Chloe's question on the Defence margin, which was very strong 13.8%. How sustainable is that as we progress through the remainder of the year? Jeremie Papin : So on Space, I would say the outlook, first of all, in the first half, the business, obviously the revenue is somewhat impacted by the cancellation in those satellites that I mentioned, which reduced the revenue by EUR 150 million. The underlying growth is, however, solid. And we were making good progress on program completion. We are also benefiting from the payback from some of the cost adjustment plans that we had kicked off and were in full implementation through last year. On the outlook for the remainder of the year, I would say, on Space, we should see a low single-digit growth and taking into account the cancellations. And yes, that's the current outlook. On Defence, the Defence margin, there is nothing that is specific in H1. We think we can support a margin that will be above 13.5%. So I would say, while the growth is significant, we are seeing operational leverage and constant good execution on our programs, which allows the margin to hold up. Ross Law : If I could maybe just quickly follow up on the margin, a bit more specifically in Space in both the first half and your expectations for the full year, please? Jeremie Papin : In the first half, what I mentioned in Space is that we had turned positive, and we expect to see that in the full year. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question. And the next questions come from the line of Alessandro Pozzi from Mediobanca. Alessandro Pozzi : The first one is on order intake, specifically in Defence. I think the order intake was supported by good performance on France. I guess this is coming from the F5, but also Middle East was up 200%, I believe. Can you give us a sense of whether you think this is a one-off in H1 because of the situation? Or whether do you think this is something sustainable that could support order intake as we go into the second half and in the coming years? The second one is on free cash flow. You maintain the guidance that you have given just recently. But the performance was really strong. And if you look at the second half implies a small positive free cash flow, which is at odds with the historical performance. So just wondering whether it's just being conservative or there is just an acceleration of the free cash flow of the payments in H1 versus H2. Patrice Caine : I can start on the first one and hand over then to Jeremie for the free cash flow. Indeed, in the appendix, you see all the organic, I would say, change H1 2025 versus H1 '26 in terms of order intake. It's positive and strongly positive almost everywhere, in fact. Then you know very well this business, as I said, it's not linear across the year. So it's always difficult to say that for the full year, it will be times 2 the first semester. What we see for real -- what we see for real is that demand now come from everywhere. In the past, I used to say that we had, I would say, 2 engines of growth, Middle East, Asia, Southeast Asia for the -- since -- sorry, a while now, a third engine of growth, which is Europe and not only France, but Europe as a whole has been added to the 2 previous ones. And when you see a look at the percentage of growth of order intake for Europe, it's also very impressive, plus 46% organic growth H1 2025 versus H1 2026. So let me just give a more qualitative than answer because, again, this is something which is not an equation. But clearly, we do expect for the full year a strong and very robust order intake momentum for Defence as a whole, leveraging all these needs coming from Europe, Middle East. Needless to say that [ URs ] are important in this region, of course, considering the war in -- or with Iran and still strong momentum in Asia and Southeast Asia. Free cash flow, Jeremie? Jeremie Papin : Yes. The free cash flow, as you pointed out, I think what we want to signal is obviously the fact that you cannot simply multiply H1 by 2 for the full year outlook. I want to point to the fact that our CapEx guidance for the full year is still roughly EUR 850 million. So obviously, the CapEx in H2 will be higher than the CapEx in H1 that -- there were some, I would say, cutoff payments between H1, H2 in terms of cash received down payments that one needs to take into account. Overall, I think what is important is the fact that we are very, very confident about the overall cash generation of the business. We are normalizing working capital and as some of our, I would say, production in sensors and effectors grows. So there are a number of factors. But overall, obviously, the message on free cash flow is confident. Alessandro Pozzi : Okay. Just wondering if you expect any large down payments again in the second half? Jeremie Papin : I won't comment on that. But again, we had some favorability in the first half. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question. And the next questions come from the line of Christophe Menard from Deutsche Bank. Christophe Menard : I had 2. The first one is on the Space margin by 2028, are we still on the same trajectory given the strong performance in H1? And should you -- I mean, could we consider levels above 7% by 2028? And the second question is on Digital Identity recovery. Should we expect some recovery in H2? And is the margin target of 13% for Cyber and Digital still the message that you have? Or could it be lower given the H1 performance? Jeremie Papin : So maybe starting with the target on Digital for the full year I think you should look at it as, yes, we are aiming at trying to be stable ex-one-offs, I would say, in the one-timers in 2026. So that would be around 13%, as you mentioned. We do reckon it is a voluntaristic target. But clearly, we do not want to trade growth for margin. So we are confident that we're not confident, but we are aiming for this rebound in the second half compared to the first half. And then on your first question... Patrice Caine : I can take it if you wish. On Space, Christophe Menard, we've said previously, and I'm sure you remember that, that what we foresee or what we are aiming at is a kind of a linear progression towards 7-ish percent by 2027. So we didn't extend to 2028. And your question was on 2028. So one, it's a bit too soon to say. Let's first reach this level of operational profit by 2027, let's say, around 7% and this is clearly in our hands or at reach, of course. But there is no reason why we should not continue to improve beyond 2027, of course. So without sharing figures on 2028, yes, we do work to continue to improve beyond 2027. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question. And the next questions come from the line of Sam Burgess from Goldman Sachs. Samuel Burgess : Just the first question on Space. Can you hear me? Patrice Caine : Yes, we can. We do hear you. Samuel Burgess : Can you hear me? Patrice Caine : Yes. Yes. Samuel Burgess : Can you hear me? Patrice Caine : Yes, we do. Samuel Burgess : I think there's a bit of a lag. In Space, what demand trends are you seeing across commercial, institutional and Defence markets? And on the commercial side, are you seeing more interest on low earth orbit applications versus geostationary? And then just a second question, if I can, on Digital. How much of the margin decline that you saw reflected those nonrecurring benefits in H1 '25 versus some of the market pressures you mentioned in Payment Services and Identity and Biometrics? Patrice Caine : I can take the first one, Jeremie. I'll give you the second one. So thanks for your 2 questions. Well, on Space, and that's what I've tried to recap during the presentation. First and foremost, yes, we do see a very strong momentum on the institutional segment, which is the vast majority of our business. In fact, at space, I remember a few years ago, it was around 2/3, should be still the same, a bit more probably now of our business of Thales Alenia Space business is made with, let's say, governmental agencies, European Space Agency and so on and so forth. And I've shared those 2 figures during the presentation, which I would say are 2 good illustrations of this momentum. Number one, the latest ministerial conference that defined every year, the 3-year budget and the one which was held a while ago and that covers 2025-2028 decided to globally speaking, invest EUR 22 billion, so representing 30%, I would say, increase versus the previous ministerial conference. But that the second illustration, which is even more promising is the budget, the space budget that is under discussion at EU level. And clearly, the figures that are under discussion, so it's not yet decided, of course, so we should be a bit, I would say, cautious, but the figures which are under discussion are extremely, extremely important, around EUR 70 billion to cover this multiyear period of budget for EU devoted to space. So institutional markets, for me, it's kind of a no-brainer, a very strong momentum. Number two, Defence. Defence is something which I would say doesn't happen every year. I mean this is something that it's a more, I would say, scattered market, but still very active and in particular, linked to the geopolitical situation. So the momentum of Defence space for Defence is really the same as we see in Defence in general. And typically, the satellite that we have been, I would say, awarded by Qatar just recently is a military satellite. And it shows how important having, in this case, it's a military SATCOM satellite, it's important for those countries. The last segment that you have, I would say, mentioned is the commercial one. This one has been clearly, I would say, impacted by the arriving of Starlink and the likes a while ago. So for the geostationary satellite, telecommunication geostationary satellite, this market is what it is now. So clearly, it's a few satellites per year. Now which has emerged is, as you said, LEO constellation. And we have discussed or we've had the question aboutIRIS2, typicallyIRIS2, which is, by the way, semi-commercial, semi-institutional, to be honest, but is a huge opportunity for us, which clearly, if it materialized, and I'm optimistic on this point, will represent a very significant chunk of business for TAS for the years ahead of us. So globally speaking, yes, the tone about space is clearly much more positive than 2 or 3 years ago, you remember where the situation was a bit different. Turning to Digital... Jeremie Papin : On Digital, Sam, I would say that in the margin decline that you have seen in Digital, about 2.5 points of the margin decline are linked to the one-offs that we mentioned. So you can take those off the 14.6%, and that's consistent with what we had said earlier in last year about the fact that the overall year-end margin had to be adjusted by 70 -- at least 70 basis points. And there's also an impact from forex to the margin in H1 of '26 for another 30 to 40 basis points. So altogether, I would say about half or slightly more is -- is not -- is the combination of the one-offs and the forex. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question. And the questions come from the line of Olivier Brochet from Rothschild & Co. Olivier Brochet : I would have a couple of questions on the -- first of all, on Avionics. Could you unpack how the original equipment aftermarket have been trending and what you expect in IFE? Patrice Caine : Could you speak a little bit louder, Olivier? We can't hear you very well. Olivier Brochet : Sorry. I will try to speak louder. So on Avionics, can you unpack how the original equipment and aftermarket have been trending, including in IFE? Secondly, in Biometrics, the slowdown that you've been experiencing, is it as a result of an outside exposure to the Middle East? Or is it broad-based? And third, in payment, could you be a bit more specific on what happened in H1 and how recurring that softness or weakness that you'experienced is, please? And apologies for the Patrice Caine : No, no. We could hear you. That's okay. Thank you, Olivier. I hope you will go well. So avionics, I start, Jeremie, and you will complement. So Avionics -- if we look at the 2 segments, OE on one side and support and maintenance on the other side, I would say very simply, OE, we are aligned with, I would say, communications made by Airbus and Boeing. So we are just following, if I may say, the ramp-up or their production rate. So if you listen to their, let's say, indications, that's quite consistent with our own, I would say, deliveries. And by the way, we are clearly not the bottleneck here in this regard as long as at least Airbus is concerned, number one. Support and maintenance, it's true that the situation in the Middle East has had a slight impact, I would say, that was manageable. So nothing to be worried about at this stage. But let's be vigilant, yet we have seen a slight reduction as a consequence of aircraft flying less, in fact. So that's the color I could share with you about Avionics. Biometrics, I should say, the main explanation, and we've seen that to a much greater extent, of course, but we have seen the similar situation during COVID. In fact, when people are prevented to travel, and that was the case in the Middle East, but not only in the Middle East because the Middle East is also an international hub for many international connections. When people are prevented to travel less, they just don't renew their passport. And there is a kind of automatic, I would say, a consequence on this situation. Hence, the fact that this business line has been impacted by this external factor linked to, I would say, difficulties to travel, globally speaking. Payments, Payment is a very competitive market. That's not new, by the way. So clearly, it's a competitive market. It's also a market which we have seen in the past stocking and destocking effects. So it's always kind of a bit complex to model or to forecast precisely the way banks will renew their banking cards and so on and so forth. For us, the main stake, if I just take a step back, is really trying to accelerate the digitalization of this business as we have successfully done it for the mobile connectivity solutions business line. That's for me, what is, I would say, at stake on a more strategic standpoint. I do not discard the fact that on the short run, we see those type of ups and downs in terms of growth for the business -- for the Payments business. But the strategic thing for me is the acceleration of the digital part of this business. Jeremie, do you want to add something? Jeremie Papin : No. Patrice Caine : No, it's okay. at least for us. Olivier Brochet : Could I just ask on the Payments side? Was it more pricing or volume in the first half? Patrice Caine : Both -- in. Yes, should I say both, in fact. Jeremie Papin : We do think we will see some -- there were some -- as mentioned by Patrice, some customer delays, I would say, linked to stocking, destocking. So that trend on volume can improve and should improve in the second half, but it's always difficult to time. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question -- the next questions come from the line of Herve Drouet from CIC CIB. Herve Drouet : Coming back to DIS, maybe on the Cyber side, I mean, it looks like in second quarter, you are improving the organic growth profile of 4.5%. Do you believe you can continue to accelerate the growth in Cyber, maybe to high single digit, maybe more in line with the Cyber sector growth is my first question. And the second question is back to payment cards and to move towards eCards like you did with eSIM. How long do you think you will be able to gradually be more competitive on the eCard side? And do you believe moving into eCard will enable you maybe to improve margins as maybe what we've seen between SIM and eSIM? Patrice Caine : You take the first one, and I'll take the second one, Jeremie? Jeremie Papin : Yes. So in Cyber, as you saw, we managed to achieve the 4.5% growth year-on-year. So that is a first step. I would say the immediate outlook is to maintain this level of rebound. And of course, to further beyond, I would say, the next few quarters to see a further acceleration. But we are here -- what we are expecting for the -- for the second half is this, I would say, a full year between low and mid-single-digit growth in Cyber. And on payment cards? Patrice Caine : Yes, I can follow on payment card on this one. Thanks for your questions. This business line is around EUR 1 billion-ish business now, just to share order of magnitude of this business. And the percentage of Digital business within this business line is around 10%, if my memory is correct, let's say, around 10%. So clearly, there is a way to go to move from 10% gradually to something which would represent as for the mobile connectivity business, let's say, much more than 50%, 55%, 60% and so on and so forth. So I suppose it would take a bit of time unless we would do something, I would say, inorganic, but that's not in our hands now. It would take -- it would be progressive, of course, to move from 10% to 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and so on and so forth. But we have a plan. And by the way, the digitalization of this business is much more than e-payment or eCard, as you have mentioned. In fact, we have, I would say, we have -- we market a solution, a comprehensive solution to digitalize the full customer journey when a customer interacts with its own bank. So it's something which is quite, I would say, complex in a positive sense, which means that it is a sticky business. When you are, I would say, integrated, deeply entrenched in the IS/IT system of our customers of banks, this business is quite sticky in a positive sense and of course, largely profitable. Let's keep in mind as well, and we shared that in the past that this business is a profitable business. So what we, I would say, see here is the consequence of a lower volume than expected, hence, a lower, I would say, EBIT in absolute value. But in percentage, though we do not disclose the percentage, but I give you a qualitative, I would say, indication is a very good and very profitable business overall, whether it is physical or digital. Hope it helps to give some color. Operator : We are now going to proceed with our next question. And the questions come from the line of Sebastian Growe from BNP Paribas. Sebastian Growe : I have 2. The first one would be on Defence and the SAMP/T NG outlook. There was some recent news flow suggesting there might be an acceleration in demand for the system, including from Germany. So I was wondering whether you could provide an update with regard to the overall demand funnel for the system and how one should think about the potential limitations if and when a given country already uses the Patriot system? And the second question I have, and sorry for belaboring and getting back to the Digital margin debate again. But if I may follow up on your earlier comments that you made and the potential margin recovery. Is my understanding correct that the current underlying margin drop by about 250 basis points is solely timing related? Or simply put, you still consider a margin of around 12% in digital as a realistic target? Patrice Caine : Thanks for your questions. First of all, when a country needs to get equipped with this type of high-end air defence system, whether you call it long range or mid-range, depending of, I would say, the vocabulary that is used by such or such armed forces, definitely, and this is a fact, the SAMP/T NG clearly surpass in terms of performance, Patriot. This is a fact. Number two, the other big advantage of SAMP/T NG is its availability. In fact, Patriot is a good system for sure. But the availability of the interceptors of the missiles are extremely far away. And typically, for the moment, if you want to get one, you would have to wait 2032, something like that to get not only the system, but in particular, the missiles, which are, of course, needed to operate such a system, which is not the case for SAMP/T NG where the availability is more 2028-ish versus 2032 for the Patriot. So it's clear that the value prop of the SAMP/T NG is very attractive for many countries. Now of course, the U.S. political influence can rebalance those advantages. That's why, by the way, it's a real competition between the SAMP/T NG system and the Patriot. The list, if I may say, or the number of prospects and potential opportunities for SAMP/T NG is quite substantive. I can name a few countries which have been named by officials, so it's not a secret. But typically, Ukraine, Greece, some Nordic countries, countries in the Middle East as well. In fact, we see demand, sorry, in many countries. Now as for all, I would say, large and costly, if I may say, costly systems, it's difficult to predict if it will come to a positive outcome in the second semester of this year or in 2027 or even after. There are a lot of political influence as well in those domains. So on one hand, this is quite, I would say, very promising system and the need is very important for this type of system. Now in terms of modernization, how do we, I would say, forecast future order intake. It's always kind of a delicate exercise to be conducted. On Digital, Jeremie? Jeremie Papin : Yes. On Digital, obviously, what we have said is that the margin adjusted for the one-offs last year was somewhat between 12.5% and 13%. And the outlook this year would be to try to rebound towards those levels, but it's an uphill task. And so we are seeing a better margin in the second half, clearly coming through. That's what I would qualify it. Sebastian Growe : If I might just quickly, quickly follow up on this. I mean this has been really a steep margin decline. So we're talking 9% here. And I think excluding what you mentioned before, the 30 bps, 40 bps currency headwind, excluding the, say, 250 bps or so of margin inflation that we saw in H1 '25, the underlying margin is still down 300. So I heard your commentary around some timing effects in the first half of '26, but I was just wondering if there's more to it. So it is only timing? Or is there anything else in the market that has kind of resulted in this very steep margin decline on an underlying basis. Jeremie Papin : Yes, there is -- sorry. So there is some timing, but I would not qualify it as all timing regarding the margin level achieved in the first half of the year. And so for Digital, what we will expect in the full year is to see a rebound from the first half. And I would say, into the 12% plus level. Operator : We will now take one last question. And the last questions come from the line of David Perry from JPMorgan. David Perry : Two questions, please. They're a bit philosophical, if that's okay. Just on Defence, Patrice, a lot of investors are now debating old technology versus new technology. Just be really interested in your thoughts on these industry trends and how you think Thales is positioned. The second one is, obviously, you've had a lot of questions on Digital, and you say you have a plan. Does that plan include just selling the business and moving on? Because it does seem to be distracting from the really good performance you're delivering in Defence right now. Patrice Caine : Thank you, David, for your 2 questions. Shall I start on Defence? Honestly, I don't know what is an old or a new technology in Defence. What I see is the fact that we have, I would say, or we do master a range of technologies that allows us really to, I would say, have the right solution and product for the current needs, whether you think of, let's say, technologies that have been known in the past based on electronics, radio frequency, laser technologies and so on and so forth, new technologies linked to the digital world, data analytics, AI, cyber, cloud technologies, hybrid communications and so on and so forth. And even technologies of tomorrow when we speak about quantum technologies, not quantum computing, but quantum technologies for sensors, which is going to prepare the future of the future of Thales. And that's probably one of the key strengths of the group, being able to be, I would say, across all these technologies, whether they are old or new, again, I don't know what is old or new technologies. But clearly, that's what makes me, I would say, confident in the future of our portfolio and our ability to meet today's and tomorrow's need of armed forces. On CDI, I do not share your appreciation, David, that it's a distraction, I would say. It's a good and profitable business. We do leverage technologies, I know that you love figures, guys, but we love as well technologies and synergies. And CDI bring to Defence and Aerospace businesses, technologies know-how that was lacking to Thales before CDI and that are super useful to fuel the growth in those Defence. Typically, cloud technologies were not mastered by the group before the different acquisition in the CDI field. David Perry : Sorry to interrupt, Patrice. I'm just asking about Digital. Cyber, I get. But Digital, I just don't see the synergies and... Patrice Caine : That's why I'm trying to explain you, David. Cloud technologies are coming from the Digital, I would say, part of the business. That's pretty clear. By the way, when we do hybrid communication for Defence, sorry to be a bit technical, but you need as well to understand, I would say, the underlying reasons of the synergies what we see on the day-to-day business between CDI and Defence or aerospace. It's the case coming from mastering 4G, 5G standard and technologies coming from mobile connectivity business to offer what is called now in the defence world hybrid communication solutions, mixing some good old defence technologies with frequency hopping and so on and so forth with the fact that we do leverage as well civil networks. That's what we see in Ukraine. That's what we see in the Middle East. That's what we see in the most modern countries, okay? So again, it doesn't appear in the figures. So you may challenge always the figures, but this is the reality we live in. And this is what allows us also to perform better in our legacy domains like Defence and Aerospace. Jeremie Papin : Again, just building on that to put it in the context, what we are talking about, what we've talked a lot about today is roughly a year-on-year impact of EUR 20 million to EUR 25 million. So for which we are confident that we will recoup some of it in the second half. Operator : This concludes the question-and-answer session. So I'll now hand back to the management team for any closing remarks. Patrice Caine : Well, I think this is it. So thank you, everybody, for your participation. Thank you for your questions. Of course, do not hesitate to reach out to the IR team for any follow-up questions. And have a great day. See you soon. Bye-bye. Operator : Thank you -- ladies and gentlemen, if you didn't have a chance to ask a question on today's call, please do not hesitate to send your question to the Thales Group Investor Relations at the following e-mail address: ir@thalesgroup.com, and we will get back to you as soon as possible. Thank you all for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines. Thank you.